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71.
Francisco Payri Jose Vicente Pastor Raul Payri Julien Manin 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2011,25(1):209-219
The optical depth is responsible of limiting the optical diagnostic using visible wavelength in the sprays. This paper proposes
to measure the optical depth directly in a real Diesel spray through line-of-sight laser extinction measurements. This easily
reproducible method which does not require expensive or complex optical techniques is detailed and the measurement procedure
is presented in this paper. As diesel sprays are mostly optically thick, the measurements in the denser region are not reliable
and a fuel concentration model has been used to derive the results to the entire spray. This work provides values of SMD at
different distance from the nozzle tip depending on the specific parameters like injection pressure or discharge density.
The values extracted from a combined experimental/computational approach have been compared to PDPA measurements under the
same testing conditions. The results have shown that the maximum optical depth was higher than 10 and that an increase of
the injection pressure led to higher τ values. The SMD values appeared to be below the results measured by the PDPA and the
droplet diameter showed to be the main responsible of the optical depth of the jet under the tested conditions. 相似文献
72.
Landahl EC Antipova O Bongaarts A Barrea R Berry R Binder LI Irving T Orgel J Vana L Rice SE 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2011,649(1):184-187
We describe an instrument to record x-ray diffraction patterns from diseased regions of human brain tissue by combining an in-line visible light fluorescence microscope with an x-ray diffraction microprobe. We use thiazine red fluorescence to specifically label and detect the filamentous tau protein pathology associated with Pick's disease, as several labs have done previously. We demonstrate that thiazine red-enhanced regions within the tissue show periodic structure in x-ray diffraction that is not observed in healthy tissue. One observed periodicity (4.2 ?) is characteristic of cross-beta sheet structure, consistent with previous results from powder diffraction studies performed on purified, dried tau protein. 相似文献
73.
Issam Khaddour Fernando Martins Fernando Rocha 《Chemical Engineering Research and Design》2011,89(10):2049-2053
The effects of common data smoothing techniques, on the estimating of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the crystal growth process, were discussed in the light of birth and spread model. Adoption of the moving average, and filtration caused a noticeable misunderstanding of the real ruling growth mechanism, especially, during the early period of the crystal growth.In this work, a MATLAB routine was developed with standard, and reliable method to treat the prolonged concentration-time data sets, as obtained from continuous recording of refractometric °Brix readings of pure sucrose solutions in laboratory batch crystallization process. The method consists of finding the median of the residence time for every °Brix concentration, with and without interference of previous and post readings. In addition to 30% reduction in the evaluated interfacial free energies, up to 5-folds of increase in the estimates of the overall kinetic coefficients were reported using the common smoothing techniques instead of the proposed routine. 相似文献
74.
Comparison of vacuum impregnation and soaking techniques for addition of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus to minimally processed melon 下载免费PDF全文
Patrícia Martins de Oliveira Afonso Mota Ramos Eliane Maurício Furtado Martins Érica Nascif Rufino Vieira Ariana de Souza Soares Marcel Cardoso de Noronha 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2017,52(12):2547-2554
This study aimed to evaluate the vacuum impregnation (VI) and soaking methods in the addition of Lactobacillus acidophilusLA‐3 to minimally processed melon (MPM). The melons were washed, sanitised in chlorine solution (200 mg L?1), peeled and cutted into cubes. Lactobacillus acidophilusLA‐3 (1.4 × 1010 CFU g?1) were added to the MPM through both techniques. The L. acidophilusLA‐3 count in MPM was similar to those commonly found in dairy products having probiotic claim, but VI was more efficient than soaking in maintaining the viability (8.61 and 7.98 Log CFU g?1, respectively). The pH, acidity and soluble solids were not affected by probiotic culture and the incorporation technique; however, the VI affected the firmness of fruit. The MPM was within Brazilian standards for their microbiological characteristics. MPM may be used as a carrier of probiotic bacteria, being one more alternative for individuals who consume probiotic products. 相似文献
75.
V. B. Martins T. P. Nagasima L. T. F. Eleno C. G. Schön 《Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion》2017,38(3):195-200
The Pb–Bi (Lead–Bismuth) binary system has gained some prominence in recent years due to the possible use of eutectic alloys as primary-circuit coolant in generation IV nuclear reactors. Apart from the terminal solid solutions A1-Pb and A7-Bi, the system presents also one intermetallic phase with the hexagonal close-packed structure (A3), usually denoted ε phase. Due to the low temperatures involved in this system, attainment of equilibrium is difficult, and in addition, the proximity of x-ray scattering factors for both elements raises questions about a possible polymorphic transition. In the present work, three samples with compositions Pb–29 wt.%Bi, Pb–31 wt.%Bi and Pb–33 wt.%Bi were prepared and characterized by x-ray diffraction. The lattice parameters of ε are consistent with those reported in the literature, and their dependence on Bi content was determined as well. Only the hexagonal phase was identified in the 29 wt.%Bi sample, although the currently assessed Pb–Bi phase diagram predicts the presence of the Pb-rich A1 terminal solid solution in this composition. A 2-year annealing at room temperature was performed and the XRD characterization results for these samples are compared with the original data. 相似文献
76.
Clemente Neves Sousa Paulo Teles Vanessa Filipa Ferreira Dias João Luís Alves Apóstolo Maria Henriqueta Jesus Silva Figueiredo Maria Manuela Martins 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2014,18(3):695-699
Vascular access is one of the leading causes of mobilization of financial resources in health systems for people with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Physical examination of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) has demonstrated its effectiveness in identifying complications. We decided to evaluate the influence of nurses' professional experience in the detection of complications of the AVF (venous stenosis and steal syndrome). The study took place in eight hemodialysis centers between May and September of 2011 in the north of Portugal. Sample was constituted by registered nurses. The nurses involved in the experiment were divided in two groups: those who had more than 5 years of experience and those who had less than 5 years of experience. Ninety‐two nurses participated in the study: 34 nurses had less than 5 years of professional experience and 58 had more than 5 years of professional experience. In the practices considered by nurses in the detection of venous stenosis, there were no differences observed between the groups (P > 0.05). In steal syndrome, there were no differences observed between the groups in the practices of the nurses in the detection of this complication of the AVF (P > 0.05). We concluded that professional experience does not influence the detection of venous stenosis and steal syndrome. 相似文献
77.
Oscar L. Ramos Ricardo N. Pereira Artur Martins Rui Rodrigues Clara Fuciños José A. Teixeira 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2017,57(7):1377-1393
Whey proteins are widely used as nutritional and functional ingredients in formulated foods because they are relatively inexpensive, generally recognized as safe (GRAS) ingredient, and possess important biological, physical, and chemical functionalities. Denaturation and aggregation behavior of these proteins is of particular relevance toward manufacture of novel nanostructures with a number of potential uses. When these processes are properly engineered and controlled, whey proteins may be formed into nanohydrogels, nanofibrils, or nanotubes and be used as carrier of bioactive compounds. This review intends to discuss the latest understandings of nanoscale phenomena of whey protein denaturation and aggregation that may contribute for the design of protein nanostructures. Whey protein aggregation and gelation pathways under different processing and environmental conditions such as microwave heating, high voltage, and moderate electrical fields, high pressure, temperature, pH, and ionic strength were critically assessed. Moreover, several potential applications of nanohydrogels, nanofibrils, and nanotubes for controlled release of nutraceutical compounds (e.g. probiotics, vitamins, antioxidants, and peptides) were also included. Controlling the size of protein networks at nanoscale through application of different processing and environmental conditions can open perspectives for development of nanostructures with new or improved functionalities for incorporation and release of nutraceuticals in food matrices. 相似文献
78.
A. J. Cavaleiro A. S. Ramos R. M. S. Martins C. Baetz M. T. Vieira F. M. Braz Fernandes 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2014,23(7):2446-2449
Joining shape-memory alloys (SMA) to other materials is strongly required in order to enlarge their fields of application. Fusion welding induces strong compositional and microstructural changes that significantly affect the shape-memory effect and the superelastic behavior of these alloys. The exothermic and in some cases self-propagating character of some nano-multilayer reactions is explored in this study as an alternative for joining SMA. To follow these very fast reactions, high brilliance sources, such as synchrotron radiation, are required. In situ high-resolution x-ray diffraction data, giving the phase evolution sequence with temperature of the Ni/Ti multilayer thin films under study, are presented. A correlation between the multilayer design and the tendency for the sequence of phase formation is established. 相似文献
79.
Alessandro C. Martins Lais BukmanAlexandro M.M. Vargas Érica O. BarizãoJuliana C.G. Moraes Jesuí V. VisentainerVitor C. Almeida 《Food chemistry》2013
This study proposes a FRAP assay adapted to FIA system with a merging zones configuration. The FIA system conditions were optimised with the response surface methodology using the central composite rotatable design. The optimisation parameters studied were: the carrier flow rate, the lengths of the sample and reagent loops, and reactor length. The conditions selected in accordance with the results were: carrier flow rate of 1.00 ml/min, length of the loops 18.2 cm and length of the reaction coil 210.1 cm. The detection and quantification limits were, respectively, 28.6 and 86.8 μmol/l Fe2+, and the precision was 1.27%. The proposed method had an analytical frequency of 30 samples/h and about 95% less volume of FRAP reagent was consumed. The FRAP assay adapted to the FIA system under the optimised conditions was utilised to determine the antioxidant activity of tea samples. 相似文献
80.
Johnny N Martins Taís S Bassani Guilherme MO Barra Ricardo VB Oliveira 《Polymer International》2011,60(3):430-435
Nanocomposites of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared through melt blending in a batch mixer (torque rheometer equipped with a mixing chamber). The morphology, rheological behavior and electrical conductivity were investigated through transmission electron microscopy, dynamic oscillatory rheometry and the two‐probe method. The nanocomposite with 0.5 wt% MWCNT content presented a uniform dispersion through the PVDF matrix, whereas that with 1 wt% started to present a percolated network. For the nanocomposites with 2 and 5 wt% MWCNTs the formation of this nanotube network was clearly evident. The electrical percolation threshold at room temperature found for this system was about 1.2 wt% MWCNTs. The rheological percolation threshold fitted from viscosity was about 1 wt%, while the threshold fitted from storage modulus was 0.9 wt%. Thus fewer nanotubes are needed to approach the rheological percolation threshold than the electrical percolation threshold. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献